六、定语从句和状语从句

定语从句 状语从句 最全对比精讲一、核心本质总区分表格项目定语从句关系从句状语从句别名关系从句、形容词性从句副词性从句作用修饰前面的名词 / 代词修饰主句动词、形容词、整句话位置紧跟被修饰名词后句首 / 句中 / 句尾都可前置标志前面一定有名词先行词前面无名词直接接主句翻译译为…… 的按逻辑译当…、因为…、如果…、虽然…引导词who/whom/whose/which/that/where/when/whywhen/because/if/though/so that…第一部分定语从句1. 基本结构先行词 关系词 从句先行词被修饰的人 / 物名词关系词在从句内充当成分2. 关系代词5 个who指人作主语The girl who sings well is my friend.whom指人作宾语The man whom you saw is a doctor.whose表所属 “…… 的”人 / 物都可用This is the house whose window is broken.which指物作主 / 宾I love the book which you bought.that可指人 / 物限制性从句专用不作非限省略规则必考关系代词在从句中作宾语 → 可省略但是作主语 → 绝对不能省略例the action (that) they perform 宾省the man who helps me 主不省3. 关系副词3 个 介词 whichwhere in/on which修饰地点名词This is the place where I studied.when on/in which修饰时间名词I remember the day when we met.why for which只修饰reasonThe reason why he left is clear.4. 两大类型限制性定语从句无逗号不可删删后句意残缺日常最常用可用 that非限制性定语从句前后加逗号只补充信息删掉不影响主句禁用 that多用 which/who5. 只用 that 不用 which 场景先行词为最高级、序数词修饰先行词是 all, everything, nothing 等不定代词先行词同时包含人 物疑问句以 who/which 开头6. 介词 which 高级结构写作加分in which whereon which whenfor which whywith which 用…from which 从…第二部分状语从句完整版 9 大类总结构从属连词 完整主谓从句 主句从句不修饰任何名词只表逻辑关系1. 时间状语从句表动作发生的时间常用连词when, while, as, before, after, since, until/till, as soon aswhen当… 时可瞬间 / 延续动作I was readingwhen he came in.while当… 时只接延续性动作常用进行时While she was cooking, I cleaned the room.as一边… 一边随着As time goes by, we grow up.until直到…Wait hereuntil the rain stops.as soon as一… 就I’ll tell youas soon as I know.2. 原因状语从句表动作发生的缘由常用连词because, since, as, now thatbecause语气最强表直接原因回答 whyHe stayed inbecause he was sick.since/as既然、由于显而易见的原因Since you know it, I won’t repeat.now that既然Now that you are free, help me.3. 条件状语从句表动作发生的前提条件常用连词if, unless, as long as, on condition thatif 如果If it is fine, we will go out.unless if…not 除非You will failunless you work hard.as long as 只要You can succeedas long as you persist.时态规则主将从现主句将来时从句用一般现在时表将来。4. 让步状语从句表转折意为 “虽然、尽管”常用连词though/although, even though, even if, whilethough/although 虽然不能和 but 连用Although he is young, he knows a lot.错误Although…but…even though/even if 即使、纵然I will goeven if it snows.5. 目的状语从句表主句动作的目的常用连词so that, in order that从句常搭配情态动词 can/could/may/mightSpeak loudlyso that everyone can hear you.He got up earlyin order that he could catch the bus.6. 结果状语从句表主句动作带来的结果常用连词so…that… / such…that… / thusso 形容词 / 副词 thatHe isso shy thathe dare not speak.such 名词短语 thatIt issuch a good book thatI read twice.7. 地点状语从句表动作发生的地点 / 范围常用连词where, whereverPlant treeswhere there is much sand.在风沙大的地方种树。Wherever you go, I will follow you.8. 方式状语从句表动作进行的方式常用连词as, as if/thoughDoas I told you. 照我说的做。She talksas if she knew everything.9. 比较状语从句表两者对比常用连词than, as…as, not so/as…asHe runs fasterthan I do.She isas clever asher sister.三、一秒快速分辨技巧做题绝杀看前面有没有名词有名词语境 → 大概率定语从句无名词直接连句子 →状语从句看引导词作用引导词在从句里做主 / 宾 / 定→ 定语从句引导词只起连接逻辑不充当成分 → 状语从句翻译测试能翻译成 “…… 的” → 定语能翻译成 “当 / 因为 / 如果 / 虽然” → 状语例句对比定语从句I still remember the daywhen we first met.day 名词在前修饰日子 → 定从状语从句When we first met, I was very shy.前面无名词表时间 → 状从四、高频易错点汇总where 既可以引导定从也可以引导状从定从the factory where I work修饰工厂状从Where there is a will, there is a way.so that 目的 /so…that 结果不要混淆定语从句宾格可省主格绝对不可省非限制性定语从句不用 that让步状语从句 although 不和 but 连用条件、时间状从一律主将从现